Stock Trading and Indicators

If you look closely at the way technical analysis is used in stock trading, you will find that it breaks down into two separate parts. The first part is using charts and chart patterns and the second part is the use of indicators. Indicators are used to analyze many factors such as trends and volatility and are calculations that are based on inputs such as trading volumes and prices. Used in conjunction with charts, they can be used to confirm your findings from the analysis of charts as well as a basis for generating trading signals.
Indicators are generally what are called leading or lagging indicators. They are different in the way they are used and the information that they provide to investors. Leading indicators are used before the price movement actually takes place and can be useful in forecasting future price movements. It is widely believed that leading indicators are most useful when the market is trading or ranging sideways whereas lagging indicators are regarded as more useful when the stock or the market is trending. While you have to be careful that the indicator is pointing towards the direction of the trend, leading indicators will create trading opportunities in volatile markets without trends. Most of the major leading indicators are what are called oscillators. One popular oscillator is in the Relative Strength Index [RSI] which has values between 0 and 100. An RSI of more than 70 is regarded as evidence that the stock is overvalued.
On the other hand, lagging indicators follow price movements and are therefore less useful for forecasting purposes. Popular lagging indicators are Bollinger bands and moving averages. These indicators are particularly useful in circumstances where there is a strong established trend in a stock. These indicators enabled the investor to profit from more of the trend because they produce fewer trading signals and allow the investor to hold on to positions. In the absence of a strong trend, you may not get enough buy and sell signals to cope with choppy and volatile markets.
Indicators are used to generate trading signals through the use of divergence and of crossovers. A crossover happens when the indicator reaches a particular level or a moving average. It indicates that the trend in the stock is changing and this would lead to a change in the price. For instance, if the RSI moves below 70, you can interpret this to mean that as a result of a fall in price, the stock is changing from an overbought situation. Divergence occurs when the direction of the indicator is the opposite of the direction of the price trend. This can be interpreted to mean that the price trend is weakening and the momentum of the move is changing.
Positive divergence is a bullish signal and refers to the upward direction of the indicator when the price is moving down. It suggests that the trend is about to reverse as a result of which the price is going to move up. Negative divergence is the exact opposite and is generally regarded as a bearish signal.

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